Muscle strength is an important topic for ergonomics practitioners and physiologists to understand, especially as it relates to workplace injuries. Muscle strength and function is at the heart of many injuries that lead to reduced productivity and economic strain on the worker, the company, and society as a whole. This comprehensive source of information and data relating to muscle strength is the first to present such information in a single source. Muscle Strength explains the general determinants of muscle strength such as gender, age, and muscle type. It illustrates physical data in the context of theoretical background and examines the protocols, techniques, devices, and data used to record muscle strength in various parts of the body. This is followed by a discussion of overexertion, strength prediction, strength and endurance, torque and EMG relationship, and muscle fatigue. Finally, the material is applied to the use of muscle in jobs, to product design, and to studies of job accommodation and the effect of disability on strength. Professionals in ergonomics, biomechanics, sports science, and physiology will find that this unique text provides insight and data on an important subject in their field.

Despite the apparently distinct differences between the disciplines of ergonomics and rehabilitation, they deal with the same issues, although at different ends of the spectrum. Keeping this in mind, Ergonomics for Rehabilitation Professionals explores their philosophies and goals, their parallel, divergent, and complementary aspects. It traces the origin of each field and examines the role of ergonomics in rehabilitation. The book begins with a theoretical and conceptual review of ergonomics and its role in rehabilitation. It covers anthropometry and its impact on human biomechanics, allowing readers to grasp complex concepts, visualize what forces are acting where, and understand the consequence of this force. A chapter on tissue mechanics provides an understanding of the effect of the overall load on the tissues and a rationale for possible mechanisms of injury that can be used to design prevention and treatment methods. The book explores the relevant physiological issues, looking at the energy cost of activities and the data on strength and endurance. It discusses whole body biomechanics using an approach that supplies intuitive understanding of the effects of force, gravity, and physiological variables in an integrated manner. Addressing theoretical underpinnings with scientific rigor, the book covers a broad range of topics, always emphasizing design in rehabilitation. The editor's organization of the material develops concepts in concentric circles with increasing radii, sequencing ideas and exploring them from simple to complex. This selection of topics from two vast and seemingly diverse disciplines provides the tools for setting realistic goals and developing the strategies to achieve them.

Muscle strength is an important topic for ergonomics practitioners and physiologists to understand, especially as it relates to workplace injuries. Muscle strength and function is at the heart of many injuries that lead to reduced productivity and economic strain on the worker, the company, and society as a whole.
This comprehensive source of information and data relating to muscle strength is the first to present such information in a single source. Muscle Strength explains the general determinants of muscle strength such as gender, age, and muscle type. It illustrates physical data in the context of theoretical background and examines the protocols, techniques, devices, and data used to record muscle strength in various parts of the body. This is followed by a discussion of overexertion, strength prediction, strength and endurance, torque and EMG relationship, and muscle fatigue. Finally, the material is applied to the use of muscle in jobs, to product design, and to studies of job accommodation and the effect of disability on strength.
Professionals in ergonomics, biomechanics, sports science, and physiology will find that this unique text provides insight and data on an important subject in their field.

Contents:
Electromyography in ergonomics; physiological basis and concepts of electromyography; noise and artefacts; EMG interpretation; muscle energetics and electromyography; EMG alterations at sustained contractions with special emphasis on application in ergonomics; electromyography of upper extremity muscles and ergonomic applications; EMG of neck and shoulder muscles - the relationship between muscle activity and muscle pain in occupational settings; surface electromyography assessment of lower back pain; application of EMG in ergonomics - a clinical perspective.

In 1988, E. Verlinde gave a remarkable conjectural formula for the dimension of conformal blocks over a smooth curve in terms of representations of affine Lie algebras. Verlinde's formula arose from physical considerations, but it attracted further attention from mathematicians when it was realized that the space of conformal blocks admits an interpretation as the space of generalized theta functions. A proof followed through the work of many mathematicians in the 1990s. This book gives an authoritative treatment of all aspects of this theory. It presents a complete proof of the Verlinde formula and full details of the connection with generalized theta functions, including the construction of the relevant moduli spaces and stacks of G-bundles. Featuring numerous exercises of varying difficulty, guides to the wider literature and short appendices on essential concepts, it will be of interest to senior graduate students and researchers in geometry, representation theory and theoretical physics.

This is the first monograph to exclusively treat Kac-Moody (K-M) groups, a standard tool in mathematics and mathematical physics. K-M Lie algebras were introduced in the mid-sixties independently by V. Kac and R. Moody, generalizing finite-dimensional semisimple Lie algebras. K-M theory has since undergone tremendous developments in various directions and has profound connections with a number of diverse areas, including number theory, combinatorics, topology, singularities, quantum groups, completely integrable systems, and mathematical physics. This comprehensive, well-written text moves from K-M Lie algebras to the broader K-M Lie group setting, and focuses on the study of K-M groups and their flag varieties. In developing K-M theory from scratch, the author systematically leads readers to the forefront of the subject, treating the algebro-geometric, topological, and representation-theoretic aspects of the theory. Most of the material presented here is not available anywhere in the book literature.{\it Kac--Moody Groups, their Flag Varieties and Representation Theory} is suitable for an advanced graduate course in representation theory, and contains a number of examples, exercises, challenging open problems, comprehensive bibliography, and index. Research mathematicians at the crossroads of representation theory, geometry, and topology will learn a great deal from this text; although the book is devoted to the general K-M case, those primarily interested in the finite-dimensional case will also benefit. No prior knowledge of K-M Lie algebras or of (finite-dimensional) algebraic groups is required, but some basic knowledge would certainly be helpful. For the reader's convenience some of the basic results needed from other areas, including ind-varieties, pro-algebraic groups and pro-Lie algebras, Tits systems, local cohomology, equivariant cohomology, and homological algebra are included.

Kac-Moody Lie algebras 9 were introduced in the mid-1960s independently by V. Kac and R. Moody, generalizing the finite-dimensional semisimple Lie alge bras which we refer to as the finite case. The theory has undergone tremendous developments in various directions and connections with diverse areas abound, including mathematical physics, so much so that this theory has become a stan dard tool in mathematics. A detailed treatment of the Lie algebra aspect of the theory can be found in V. Kac's book Kac-90l This self-contained work treats the algebro-geometric and the topological aspects of Kac-Moody theory from scratch. The emphasis is on the study of the Kac-Moody groups 9 and their flag varieties XY, including their detailed construction, and their applications to the representation theory of g. In the finite case, 9 is nothing but a semisimple Y simply-connected algebraic group and X is the flag variety 9 /Py for a parabolic subgroup p y C g."

The book gives a survey of some recent developments in the theory of bundles on curves arising out of the work of Drinfeld and from insights coming from Theoretical Physics. It deals with: 1. The relation between conformal blocks and generalised theta functions (Lectures by S. Kumar) 2. Drinfeld Shtukas (Lectures by G. Laumon) 3. Drinfeld modules and Elliptic Sheaves (Lectures by U. Stuhler) The latter topics are useful in connection with Langlands programme for function fields. The contents of the book would give a comprehensive introduction of these topics to graduate students and researchers.

The current global economic downturn and considerable shifting in industrial and manufacturing activities have disturbed the industrial order. However, human work productivity is still one of the most important components of the industrial economy and a determining factor in global competiveness and influence as well as the potential for technological innovation and advancement. Human Work Productivity: A Global Perspective covers how human productivity affects the industrial economy and competitiveness across the industrial and manufacturing sectors. Many approaches that have worked historically must now be reexamined and new approaches must be developed. Integrating recent concepts related to human work productivity for modern production systems/organizations, this book examines how ergonomic improvements for the human operator and/or redesign and rearrangement of the workplace can boost individual productivity. It also covers the impact of the aging workforce, reports on an investigation of total productive maintenance, and considers the efficacy of workplace design from a maintenance perspective. Discussions of work hours and their effect on productivity, the impact of technology, and productivity in a health care organization complete the coverage. In any organization, all components must be considered as an integrated whole for sustained productivity. This book explores these components as independent factors and examines their impact on productivity. It then discusses models integrating these factors, creating a clear understanding of the whole, and details schemes of optimization for putting that understanding into practice.

The current global economic downturn and considerable shifting in industrial and manufacturing activities have disturbed the industrial order. However, human work productivity is still one of the most important components of the industrial economy and a determining factor in global competiveness and influence as well as the potential for technological innovation and advancement. Human Work Productivity: A Global Perspective covers how human productivity affects the industrial economy and competitiveness across the industrial and manufacturing sectors. Many approaches that have worked historically must now be reexamined and new approaches must be developed. Integrating recent concepts related to human work productivity for modern production systems/organizations, this book examines how ergonomic improvements for the human operator and/or redesign and rearrangement of the workplace can boost individual productivity. It also covers the impact of the aging workforce, reports on an investigation of total productive maintenance, and considers the efficacy of workplace design from a maintenance perspective. Discussions of work hours and their effect on productivity, the impact of technology, and productivity in a health care organization complete the coverage. In any organization, all components must be considered as an integrated whole for sustained productivity. This book explores these components as independent factors and examines their impact on productivity. It then discusses models integrating these factors, creating a clear understanding of the whole, and details schemes of optimization for putting that understanding into practice.

Safety or comfort? Can you truly have one without the other? Is it feasible to have both? Although by no means the only factor, a deep understanding of biomechanics plays a leading role in the design of work and workplaces that are both pain and injury free. Standing firmly on the foundation built by the previous edition, the second edition of Biomechanics in Ergonomics establishes an understanding of gross biomechanical loads on the human system at the tissue level and then brings that understanding through to the whole body level.

Applications for the Real World

Produced under the aegis of editor Shrawan Kumar with contributors who are leading scholars in the field, the book contains unique chapters such as Exposure Assessment Tools and Techniques and Cumulative Load and Models. Also included is a chapter on hand tools, which have a real application to the field of ergonomics.

New and significantly revamped chapters:

• Theories of occupational musculoskeletal injury causation
• Anthropometry and Biomechanics - Anthropometrics
• Mechanical Exposure Assessment in the Design of Work
• Determinant of Muscle Strength
• Biomechanics of Gloves
• The ACGIH TLV(r) for Hand Activity Level
• Whiplash Injuries - In Vitro Studies
• Whiplash Injuries - In Vivo Studies
• Models in Manual Materials Handling
• Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation
• Whole Body Vibration
• Cumulative Load and Models

Create Safety Through Better Workplace Design

The book dives deep into the biomechanics of the connective tissues before thoroughly covering upper and lower extremities, shoulder and neck, low back, and whole body mechanics. With chapters selected and designed to provide extensive coverage of ergonomically relevant biomechanics, this volume supplies an integrated understanding of the inseparable relationship between ergonomics and biomechanics that can be translated into better safety design and better workplaces.

For more than five decades Bertram Kostant has been one of the major architects of modern Lie theory. Virtually all his papers are pioneering with deep consequences, many giving rise to whole new fields of activities. His interests span a tremendous range of Lie theory, from differential geometry to representation theory, abstract algebra, and mathematical physics. It is striking to note that Lie theory (and symmetry in general) now occupies an ever increasing larger role in mathematics than it did in the fifties. Now in the sixth decade of his career, he continues to produce results of astonishing beauty and significance for which he is invited to lecture all over the world. This is the fourth volume (1985-1995) of a five-volume set of Bertram Kostant's collected papers. A distinguished feature of this fourth volume is Kostant's commentaries and summaries of his papers in his own words.

For more than five decades Bertram Kostant has been one of the major architects of modern Lie theory. Virtually all his papers are pioneering with deep consequences, many giving rise to whole new fields of activities. His interests span a tremendous range of Lie theory, from differential geometry to representation theory, abstract algebra, and mathematical physics. It is striking to note that Lie theory (and symmetry in general) now occupies an ever increasing larger role in mathematics than it did in the fifties. Now in the sixth decade of his career, he continues to produce results of astonishing beauty and significance for which he is invited to lecture all over the world. This is the second volume (1965-1975) of a five-volume set of Bertram Kostant's collected papers. A distinguished feature of this second volume is Kostant's commentaries and summaries of his papers in his own words.

For more than five decades Bertram Kostant has been one of the major architects of modern Lie theory. Virtually all his papers are pioneering with deep consequences, many giving rise to whole new fields of activities. His interests span a tremendous range of Lie theory, from differential geometry to representation theory, abstract algebra, and mathematical physics. It is striking to note that Lie theory (and symmetry in general) now occupies an ever increasing larger role in mathematics than it did in the fifties. Now in the sixth decade of his career, he continues to produce results of astonishing beauty and significance for which he is invited to lecture all over the world. This is the fifth volume (1995-2005) of a five-volume set of Bertram Kostant's collected papers. A distinguished feature of this fifth volume is Kostant's commentaries and summaries of his papers in his own words.

The theory of Frobenius splittings has made a significant impact in the study of the geometry of flag varieties and representation theory. This work, unique in book literature, systematically develops the theory and covers all its major developments.

Key features:

* Concise, efficient exposition unfolds from basic introductory material on Frobenius splittingsa "definitions, properties and examplesa "to cutting edge research

* Studies in detail the geometry of Schubert varieties, their syzygies, equivariant embeddings of reductive groups, Hilbert Schemes, canonical splittings, good filtrations, among other topics

* Applies Frobenius splitting methods to algebraic geometry and various problems in representation theory

* Many examples, exercises, and open problems suggested throughout

* Comprehensive bibliography and index

This book will be an excellent resource for mathematicians and graduate students in algebraic geometry and representation theory of algebraic groups.

For more than five decades Bertram Kostant has been one of the major architects of modern Lie theory. Virtually all his papers are pioneering with deep consequences, many giving rise to whole new fields of activities. His interests span a tremendous range of Lie theory, from differential geometry to representation theory, abstract algebra, and mathematical physics. It is striking to note that Lie theory (and symmetry in general) now occupies an ever increasing larger role in mathematics than it did in the fifties. Now in the sixth decade of his career, he continues to produce results of astonishing beauty and significance for which he is invited to lecture all over the world. This is the third volume (1975-1985) of a five-volume set of Bertram Kostant's collected papers. A distinguished feature of this third volume is Kostant's commentaries and summaries of his papers in his own words.

In 1991, India adopted liberal and free-market principles and liberalized its economy. The economic reforms provided the market orientation to the economy to improve efficiency and productivity. The country's economic growth progressed with a relatively moderate increase in per-capita income. The economic reform has brought the challenge and the economy is in an adjustment mode the important factor is the smooth implementation of reforms.Currently India is called a developing economy. Macroeconomic variables help in obtaining a picture of major structural changes in India's economy. Such changes accompany economic development. The economy of India is the fifth-largest in the world by nominal GDP and the third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). The country is one of the G-20 major economies and a member of BRICS. According to the IMF, on a per-capita-income basis, India ranked 142nd by nominal GDP and 126th by GDP (PPP) in 2018. India is the 21st largest exporter and the 11th largest importer in the world. For the sake of analysis the book will be divided into the following seven parts: Part I Anatomy of Indian Economy; Part II Agriculture Reforms; Part III Industrial Reforms; Part IV Financial Sector Reforms; Part V Fiscal and Monetary Policy Reforms; Part VI External Sector Reforms; Part VII Contemporary Issues in Indian Economy.

India evokes many images because the country is extremely heterogeneous in its resource endowments, climate, languages, and infrastructure. India provides a rich tapestry of economic and social milieu: the 22 officially recognized languages spoken by the population, with their many dialects; the caste system; and its hoary history with its rich culture and traditions. India possesses a wide and varied resource base, although domestic sources supply only a third of the country's oil requirements at present. India's economic performance has attracted considerable commentary and controversy. Since 1950, India's approach to economic development has been within the framework of a mixed economy, which has resulted from both pragmatic and political considerations. The objective of this book is to provide an understanding of the economy with its nature and structure, dominance of unorganized sector, natural resources, economic and social infrastructure, demographic features, poverty, unemployment, inequality, national income, saving and investment, role of noneconomic factors, and sources of data. Despite being a part of the eight-volume series on the Indian economy, this second volume in the series is in the nature of an introductory essay designed to provide a succinct nontechnical exposition of India's economic structure, performance, and policies.

This series is intended to serve as an introduction to the Indian Economy from the Post Reform of 1991. The author makes an endeavor to present how India's economic fortunes dwindled over the centuries. This first volume begins with an analysis of the history, evolution, and growth of the Indian economy through several periods along with their positive and negative aspects. The author attempts to bring fairly interesting snapshots to highlight how the Indian economy has evolved over the years. The book provides history; traces the evolution of the economy during the early Muslim period and the Mughal Empire as well as during the British regime (1761 to 1947); and analyzes the impact of the British regime and the growth of the economy between 1947 and 1990. Points of analysis include policy framework-state and market; NITI Aayog-a think tank; the Indian polity-fiscal federalism; democracy and development; the economic policy regime prior to 1991; and economic reforms. The penultimate chapter looks at the future direction and task ahead of the economy. Finally, Indian economic thought is analyzed. There is plenty to discuss!

Demonetization has created a severe macroeconomic shock. The measure was humungous in scale and led to a sharp contraction in money supply for a short period. Although demonetization's proponents have contended that it would cleanse the economy of black money and make transactions more formal and digital, its implementation certainly could have been better. The effects of demonetization on the Indian economy are debatable and will vary by sector. Its effectiveness will be talked about and studied by economists and policy makers for decades to come. Demonetization has made only a minor dent in the GDP. It has helped to bring more people into the tax net and has reduced the size of the informal economy. With the increased use of digital payments, economic transactions become recorded. This book examines the very concept, history, critique, and impact on the overall economy and black money, the move toward less-cash economy and digitalization, government-RBI relations, along with an assessment of two years of demonetization. It would be prudent for the government to focus more on proper institutional reforms to address the issues originating from demonetization.

The workforce is considered to be the lifeblood within many major corporations. The ability of management to effectively utilize the knowledge and skills of their workforce is essential in ensuring the success of their corporations. Harnessing Human Capital Analytics for Competitive Advantage is a critical scholarly publication that explores the influence that workforce knowledge and skills can have on the performance of corporations and how such skills can be used to promote the success of corporations. Featuring coverage on a wide range of topics including employee happiness, mind genomics, and e-commerce adoption, this book is geared toward managers, professionals, and practitioners seeking current research on the advantage of utilizing workforce knowledge and skills to promote corporate success.

The development of business intelligence has enhanced the visualization of data to inform and facilitate business management and strategizing. By implementing effective data-driven techniques, this allows for advance reporting tools to cater to company-specific issues and challenges. The Handbook of Research on Advanced Data Mining Techniques and Applications for Business Intelligence is a key resource on the latest advancements in business applications and the use of mining software solutions to achieve optimal decision-making and risk management results. Highlighting innovative studies on data warehousing, business activity monitoring, and text mining, this publication is an ideal reference source for research scholars, management faculty, and practitioners.

The success of any organization is largely dependent on positive feedback and repeat business from patrons. By utilizing acquired marketing data, business professionals can more accurately assess practices, services, and products that their customers find appealing. The Handbook of Research on Intelligent Techniques and Modeling Applications in Marketing Analytics features innovative research and implementation practices of analytics in marketing research. Highlighting various techniques in acquiring and deciphering marketing data, this publication is a pivotal reference for professionals, managers, market researchers, and practitioners interested in the observation and utilization of data on marketing trends to promote positive business practices.

Despite the apparently distinct differences between the disciplines of ergonomics and rehabilitation, they deal with the same issues, although at different ends of the spectrum. Keeping this in mind, Ergonomics for Rehabilitation Professionals explores their philosophies and goals, their parallel, divergent, and complementary aspects. It traces the origin of each field and examines the role of ergonomics in rehabilitation.

The book begins with a theoretical and conceptual review of ergonomics and its role in rehabilitation. It covers anthropometry and its impact on human biomechanics, allowing readers to grasp complex concepts, visualize what forces are acting where, and understand the consequence of this force. A chapter on tissue mechanics provides an understanding of the effect of the overall load on the tissues and a rationale for possible mechanisms of injury that can be used to design prevention and treatment methods. The book explores the relevant physiological issues, looking at the energy cost of activities and the data on strength and endurance. It discusses whole body biomechanics using an approach that supplies intuitive understanding of the effects of force, gravity, and physiological variables in an integrated manner.

Addressing theoretical underpinnings with scientific rigor, the book covers a broad range of topics, always emphasizing design in rehabilitation. The editor s organization of the material develops concepts in concentric circles with increasing radii, sequencing ideas and exploring them from simple to complex. This selection of topics from two vast and seemingly diverse disciplines provides the tools for setting realistic goals and developing the strategies to achieve them.